Sources and reference documents

About

Source ledger; The source ledger names a document for every number on this site.

Sources

This ledger lists the 126 documents behind the figures in the guides, grouped by kind. Each entry names the publisher, the document identifier where one exists, the date it was last checked, and how often it is rechecked against the publisher's current version, so you can tell which figures rest on an older reading. Standards bodies sell their documents. Those entries carry the designation you need to order the text.

Federal regulations link to the electronic Code of Federal Regulations, which holds the current consolidated text, not a summary of it.

Source ledger: manufacturer documentation

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : American Honda Motor Co., Inc.

Manufacturer

• Official current ATV model pages: tech specs and MSRP : American Honda Motor Co., Inc.

Manufacturer

• Official current side-by-side model pages: tech specs and MSRP : American Honda Motor Co., Inc.

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : BMW Motorrad USA

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : BRP US Inc. (Can-Am).

Manufacturer

• Official current ATV model pages and spec sheets : BRP US Inc. (Can-Am).

Manufacturer

• Official current side-by-side model pages and spec sheets : BRP US Inc. (Can-Am).

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : Ducati North America

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : Harley-Davidson Motor Company

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : Indian Motorcycle (Polaris Inc.).

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : Kawasaki Motors Corp., U.S.A.

Manufacturer

• Official current ATV model pages: specifications and MSRP : Kawasaki Motors Corp., U.S.A.

Manufacturer

• Official current side-by-side model pages: specifications and MSRP : Kawasaki Motors Corp., U.S.A.

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications : KTM North America

Manufacturer

• The Complete Motorcycle Battery Voltage Guide: at rest, cranking and charging voltages for AGM and LiFePO4 : Leoch Lithium America. Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

Manufacturer

Motorcycle Armor Ratings Explained: Level 1 and Level 2 back protectors and boots : Motohut. Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

Manufacturer

Motorcycle Armor Ratings Explained: EN 13634 boots, EN 13594 gloves, EN 1621-1, -2 and -3 protectors, EN 17092 clothing : MotorcycleGear.com. Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

Manufacturer

Fuel Stabilizer Dosage Calculator: STA-BIL Storage at 1 oz per 2.5 gallons, run the engine a few minutes : PickShack (STA-BIL Storage label dose). Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

Manufacturer

Diagnostic display code definitions: each displayed code with its condition and SPN and FMI values : Polaris. Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

Manufacturer

Official current ATV model pages: specifications and MSRP : Polaris Inc; Manufacturer; Official current side-by-side model pages: specifications and MSRP : Polaris Inc; Manufacturer; How To Use Sea Foam For Engine Storage And Stabilizing Fuel: at least 1 ounce per gallon of fresh fuel : Sea Foam. Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : Suzuki Motor of America.

Manufacturer

• Official current ATV model pages: specifications and MSRP : Suzuki Motor of America.

Manufacturer

• Official current Alterra ATV model pages: specifications and MSRP : Textron Specialized Vehicles Inc. (Arctic Cat).

Manufacturer

• Official current Prowler side-by-side model pages: specifications and MSRP : Textron Specialized Vehicles Inc. (Arctic Cat).

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : Triumph Motorcycles America Limited.

Manufacturer

• Official current model pages: specifications and MSRP : Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA.

Manufacturer

• Official current ATV model pages: specifications and MSRP : Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA.

Manufacturer

• Official current side-by-side model pages: specifications and MSRP : Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA.

Source ledger: industry and international standards

Standard

• Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices : American National Standards Institute / International Safety Equipment Association, ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2025.

Standard

• API Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System: service categories : American Petroleum Institute.

Standard

• ATV RiderCourse: hands-on training curriculum and instructor network : ATV Safety Institute (a not-for-profit division of the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America).

Standard

• Battery Replacement Data Book and BCI group size / cold cranking amps definitions : Battery Council International.

Standard

• Motorcyclists’ protective clothing against mechanical impact: limb, back and chest protectors : European Committee for Standardization (CEN), EN 1621-1, EN 1621-2:2014, EN 1621-3:2018.

Standard

• Protective garments for motorcycle riders: abrasion, burst and seam strength classes AAA/AA/A/B/C : European Committee for Standardization (CEN), EN 17092:2020.

Standard

• Standards Manual: tire and rim dimensional and load/inflation standards : European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation.

Standard

• Road vehicles: Diagnostic communication over Controller Area Network (DoCAN) : International Organization for Standardization, ISO 15765.

Standard

• Short-pitch transmission precision roller and bush chains, attachments and associated chain sprockets : International Organization for Standardization, ISO 606.

Standard

• Motorcycle Four-Stroke Gasoline Engine Oils: friction characteristics classification : Japanese Automotive Standards Organization / Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, JASO T903.

Standard

• Rider training curricula and pre-ride inspection guidance : Motorcycle Safety Foundation

Standard

• ROV E-Course and hands-on Basic DriverCourse : Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association

Standard

• American National Standard for Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles : Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association / American National Standards Institute, ANSI/ROHVA 1.

Standard

• Engine Oil Viscosity Classification : SAE International, SAE J300.

Standard

• Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions : SAE International, SAE J2012.

Standard

• E/E Diagnostic Test Modes : SAE International, SAE J1979.

Standard

• American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles : Specialty Vehicle Institute of America / American National Standards Institute, ANSI/SVIA 1.

Standard

• Year Book: standardized tire, rim and valve dimensions, load and inflation tables : The Tire and Rim Association.

Standard

• UL 2849: Electrical Systems for eBikes: an adjacent light-electric-vehicle safety standard, not written specifically for motorcycles : UL Solutions.

Source ledger: federal regulations and agency material

Federal rule

• Travel and Transportation Management: off-highway vehicle area designations : Bureau of Land Management.

Federal rule

• Highway Motorcycle Emissions Certification Requirements : California Air Resources Board

Federal rule

• Cargo Securement Rules: driver and carrier guidance : Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Federal rule

• Product Information Catalog and Vehicle Listing (vPIC): VIN decoding and recall lookup : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Federal rule

• Check for Recalls: VIN-based safety recall lookup for on-road vehicles, motorcycles, tires and equipment : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Federal rule

• FMVSS No. 305a: Electric-Powered Vehicles: Electric Powertrain Integrity (adopting GTR No. 20) : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration / Federal Register, 89 FR 26702, April 15, 2024.

Federal rule

• Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles: voluntary standards participation and incident data : U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.

Federal rule

• CPSC Withdraws Rules That Are Outdated, Fail to Advance Safety: includes the proposed Standard for Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles : U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, News release, August 2025; withdrawn rulemaking originally 74 Fed. Reg. 55495.

Federal rule

Recalls: searchable by product, manufacturer and model

The lookup for off-highway ATVs and ROVs, which carry no NHTSA VIN : U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.

Federal rule

• Safety Standard for All Terrain Vehicles : U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission / eCFR, 16 CFR Part 1420.

Federal rule

• Regulations for Emissions from Recreational Vehicles and Engines : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Federal rule

• Final Rule: Control of Emissions From Highway Motorcycles : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 69 FR 2404, January 15, 2004; effective model year 2006.

Federal rule

• Certification for Electric Motorcycles: the EPA Certificate of Conformity requirement applies even with no tailpipe emissions to test : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Federal rule

• Emission regulations for new gasoline-fueled highway motorcycles : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / eCFR, 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart E.

Federal rule

• Control of Emissions from Recreational Engines and Vehicles: ATVs, off-road motorcycles and snowmobiles : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / eCFR, 40 CFR Part 1051.

Federal rule

• Protection Against Shifting and Falling Cargo: general securement rules : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR §§ 393.100–393.114.

Federal rule

• How is the working load limit of a tiedown determined? : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR § 393.108.

Federal rule

• What are the general requirements for securing articles of cargo? : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR § 393.106.

Federal rule

• Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 218: Motorcycle helmets : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR § 571.218.

Federal rule

• FMVSS No. 119: New pneumatic tires for motor vehicles with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg and motorcycles : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR § 571.119.

Federal rule

• FMVSS No. 122: Motorcycle brake systems : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR § 571.122.

Federal rule

• FMVSS No. 116: Motor vehicle brake fluids : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR § 571.116.

Federal rule

• FMVSS No. 500: Low-speed vehicles : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR § 571.500.

Federal rule

• Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) requirements : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR Part 565.

Federal rule

• Tire identification and recordkeeping: the DOT tire identification number : U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR), 49 CFR Part 574.

Federal rule

• Motor Vehicle Use Maps: the legally controlling record of which roads and trails are open : USDA Forest Service.

Federal rule

• Spark Arrester Guide: qualified general-purpose and multiposition small-engine arresters : USDA Forest Service, National Technology and Development Program, Standard 5100-1c.

Source ledger: state agency material

State agency

Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle (OHRV) Red Sticker Program: emissions certification for OHVs : California Air Resources Board; State agency; Zero-Emission Motorcycle and Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle Registration Requirements : California Air Resources Board; State agency; 15.120 Registration of Noncomplying OHV: tan sticker for model year 2022 and newer, red stickers for 2003 through 2021 : California Department of Motor Vehicles. Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

State agency

OHMVR Frequently Asked Questions: Green and Red Sticker registration and area access : California State Parks, Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation (OHMVR) Division; State agency; SB 708 Sanctioned Event Permit: model year 2022 and newer off-road motorcycles without a Green or Red Sticker, from January 1, 2026 : California State Parks, Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division. Checked 2026-09-30. Rechecked annual.

Source ledger: trade press and industry publications

Source

Ask MO Anything: Why is There No Gas Direct Injection on Motorcycles? : Motorcycle.com. Checked 2026-09-04. Rechecked annual.

What a recheck schedule means

A schedule of annual means the document is re-read at least yearly and the pages that cite it reviewed against it. Quarterly is used for material that changes more often, such as agency recall and safety information. On-revision is used for standards. Standards change only when the standards body revises them, so they are checked by revision number, not by calendar.

The schedule is a floor, not continuous monitoring. Where a topic changes faster than any schedule can track, state rules and land-manager decisions in particular, the pages covering it point at the authority to ask instead of restating a value that would go stale.

Source ledger questions

What does the check date next to a source mean?

The date that document was read for this build, and therefore the date the figures drawn from it were confirmed against it. It is not the date the document itself was published or last amended. The document's own publisher records that, and it is visible at the link where one exists.

Why do some sources have no link?

Because standards published by bodies such as SAE, ISO, ANSI and JASO are sold, not published freely, so there is no full text to link to. Those entries carry the designation and publisher. The designation is what you need to obtain the document. Linking to a third-party summary would be citing the summary and not the standard.

What is a recheck schedule?

How often a document is re-read and the pages citing it reviewed against it. Annual is the default for regulations, quarterly for agency material that changes more often such as recall information, and on-revision for standards. Standards change only when the standards body revises them, so they are tracked by revision instead of by calendar.

Are these all the sources you use?

Yes. A figure that cites a source missing from this registry is never published. The rule keeps the list complete, not a selection. Any number's document is on this page.

Why are federal regulations linked to eCFR?

Because the electronic Code of Federal Regulations is the current consolidated text of a regulation as amended, and not a snapshot or a summary. It is the version that is in force, and it shows the amendment history, which matters when a figure you read here differs from one you read elsewhere.

Do you use manufacturer service manuals as sources?

Only for general material. Model-specific figures from a manual belong to that machine, so look them up in the manual for your exact model and year.

What happens when a regulation changes?

The recheck schedule brings it up for review, and where a figure has changed the pages citing it are updated and the check date advanced. Where a change is substantial and not a renumbering, the affected pages are reviewed instead of search-and-replaced, because a changed figure often changes the surrounding explanation too.

Can I use these citations in my own work?

The citations point at public documents you can obtain and read yourself. The point of publishing them is exactly that. What you should not do is treat a figure on this site as a substitute for the underlying document in any context where the exact wording matters. Go to the source. The source is named for exactly that reason.

Why are there no forum or blog sources?

They cannot be verified and are not stable. A forum thread is a useful place to learn that a problem exists and a poor place to learn what a rule says. Where community knowledge is the only source for something, this site says so explicitly, not presenting it as sourced.

How do I know a source has not been misread?

You do not have to take it on trust. Each figure names its document for that reason. Where the document is public the link goes to the current text; where it is a paid standard the designation lets you obtain it. If you check one and find a discrepancy, the corrections page is the fastest way to get it fixed.

Do you keep old versions of pages?

Pages carry the date their content was reviewed, and figures carry the check date of the document behind them. There is no public version history. Where a figure changes because a regulation changed, the change is a change in the law and not a correction, and the current text is what the page should show.

What is the most frequently changing source here?

Agency recall and safety information, so it carries a quarterly schedule instead of an annual one. Beyond that, the material this site relies on is unusually stable. Dimensional standards and federal securement rules change rarely. Their stability is a large part of why they are the half of the subject worth publishing.

Tell us a source has changed

A changed regulation is the most useful kind of correction.